BROKEN HILL, Ahitereiria – 7 o Hūrae, 2025– I roto i te tuawhenua werawera o New South Wales, ka titiro matatau te tohunga whenua a Sarah Chen ki tētahi tauira matua hou kua pakaru. Ka kanapa te toka, me te mea he karāhe, he kakano huka motuhake. "Koinei te mea pai," ka hameme ia, me te tohu o te makona e tapahi ana i te puehu. "99.3% SiO₂. Ka taea e tēnei uaua te rere mō ngā kiromita." Kāore a Chen e rapu koura, whenua onge rānei; kei te rapu ia i tētahi kohuke ahumahi e piki haere ana te hiranga, engari e warewarehia ana: he kohuke parakore teitei.kōhatu silica, te tūāpapa o tō tātou ao hangarau.
Ehara i te Oneone anake
E mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te quartzite, ko te onepū parakore tino parakore rānei, he toka tūturu te kōhatu silica, he mea hanga nui mai i te silicon dioxide (SiO₂). Ahakoa he nui ake te aro ki te onepū silica, ko te onepū kounga teiteikōhatu silicaHe tino painga ngā putunga kohatu: he pumau ake te whenua, he iti ake ngā poke, ā, i ētahi wā, he nui ngā rahinga e tika ana mō ngā mahi keri nui, roa. Ehara i te mea ataahua, engari he mea nui tōna tūranga.
"Ko te ao hou e rere ana i runga i te silicon," te whakamārama a Tākuta Arjun Patel, he kaipūtaiao rauemi i te Singapore Institute of Technology. "Mai i te maramara i roto i tō waea ki te papa rā i runga i tō tuanui, te karāhe i roto i tō matapihi, me te taura muka whatu e kawe ana i tēnei rongo - ka tīmata katoa ki te silicon tino-parakore. Ā, ko te matū tino whai hua, tino iti te utu mō taua silicon ko te kōhatu silica tino-parakore. Ki te kore, ka mutu te hangarau me te pūnaha pūngao matomato katoa."
Te Rerenga o te Ao: Ngā Pūtake me ngā Wero
Te rapu mō te utu nuikōhatu silicakei te kaha haere te pikinga o te ao. Kei roto i ngā putunga matua:
Ahitereiria:Kei ngā rohe pēnei i a Broken Hill me Pilbara ngā hanganga quartzite tawhito nunui, e whakanuia ana mō tōna āhua rite me te iti o te rino. Kei te tere te whakawhānui ake o ngā mahi a ngā kamupene pēnei i a Australian Silica Quartz Ltd. (ASQ).
Te Hononga o Amerika:Kei ngā Maunga Appalachian, inā koa ngā rohe o West Virginia me Pennsylvania, he nui ngā rauemi quartzite. Nō nā tata nei i pānuitia ai e Spruce Ridge Resources Ltd. ngā hua whakamātautau whai hua mai i tā rātou kaupapa matua i West Virginia, e whakaatu ana i tōna pūmanawa mō te hanga silicon kounga-rā.
Parahi:He puna nui ngā putunga kuata nui i te kawanatanga o Minas Gerais, ahakoa he uaua ki te keri i ētahi wā nā ngā wero hanganga.
Scandinavia:Kei a Nōwei me Huitene ngā moni tāpui kounga teitei, ā, e paingia ana ēnei e ngā kaihanga hangarau Pākehā mō ngā mekameka tuku poto ake, pono ake hoki.
Haina:Ahakoa he kaihanga nui, kei te mau tonu ngā āwangawanga mō ngā paerewa taiao me te ōritetanga o ngā taumata parakore mai i ētahi maina iti, e akiaki ana i ngā kaihoko o te ao ki te rapu i ētahi atu puna.
"He tino kaha te whakataetae," te kī a Lars Bjornson, te Tumu Whakarae o Nordic Silica Minerals. "Tekau tau ki muri, he taonga nui te silica. I ēnei rā, he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga. Ehara i te mea ko te toka anake tā mātou e hoko ana; kei te hoko atu mātou i te turanga mō ngā anga silicon parakore-teitei. Ko ngā huānga iti pēnei i te boron, te phosphorus, tae noa ki te rino i ngā taumata wāhanga-ia-miriona ka pā kino ki ngā hua semiconductor. E hiahia ana ā mātou kiritaki ki te tino māramatanga o te whenua me te tukatuka pakari."
Mai i te Keri ki te Maramara: Te Haerenga Whakama
Ko te huri i te kōhatu silica pakari ki te rauemi taketake e hiahiatia ana mō te hangarau he tukanga uaua, he tukanga nui hoki e hiahiatia ana te kaha:
Te Keri me te Kuru:Ka tangohia ngā poraka nunui, mā te pupuhi whakahaeretia i roto i ngā maina tuwhera, kātahi ka kuruhia kia iti ake, kia ōrite.
Ngā painga:Ka horoia te toka i kurua, ka wehea mā te aukume, ka whakamānuhia hoki hei tango i te nuinga o ngā poke pēnei i te uku, te feldspar me ngā kohuke whai rino.
Te Tukatuka Pāmahana-Tiketike:Kātahi ka tukuna ngā kongakonga kuata kua parakore ki te wera nui. I roto i ngā oumu pewa i raro i te wai, ka tauhohe ki ngā pūtake waro (pēnei i te kōka, i ngā maramara rakau rānei) hei whakaputa i te silicon kounga-whakarewa (MG-Si). Koinei te rauemi mata mō ngā koranu konumohe me ētahi pūtau rā.
Te Whakamaarama Tino-rahi:Mō ngā hikohiko (ngā maramara hiko hiko) me ngā pūtau hiko pūngao-rahi, ka whakatikatikaina anō te MG-Si. Mā te Tukanga Siemens, mā ngā tauhohenga moenga wai rānei, ka hurihia te MG-Si hei hau trichlorosilane, ka whakawetohia kia tino parakore, ka whakatakotoria hei poro polysilicon. Ka tapatapahia ēnei poro ki roto i ngā anga angiangi rawa e noho hei ngākau o ngā maramara iti me ngā pūtau hiko pūngao.
Ngā Ārahi: Te Pūtaiao Hinengaro, te Pūngao Rā, me te Oranga Tonutanga
Ko te pikinga o te tono ka whakakahangia e ngā hurihanga i te wā kotahi:
Te Pūngao AI:Ko ngā haurua-ā-ira matatau, e hiahia ana ki ngā anga silicon parakore ake, ko rātou ngā miihini o te matauranga horihori. Ko ngā pokapū raraunga, ko ngā maramara AI, me ngā rorohiko mahi-teitei he kaihoko e kore e makona.
Te Whanuitanga o te Pūngao o te Rā:Nā ngā kaupapa ā-ao e whakatairanga ana i te pūngao hou kua tino piki ake te hiahia mō ngā panera photovoltaic (PV). He mea nui te silicon parakore mō ngā pūtau solar whai hua. E matapaetia ana e te International Energy Agency (IEA) ka toru te kaha o te PV solar i te tau 2030, ka nui te pēhanga ki te mekameka tuku silicon.
Te Hanganga Matatau:He mea nui te kuata hanumi parakore-teitei, i ahu mai i te kōhatu silica, mō ngā oko whakarewa e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakatipu tioata silicon, ngā whatu motuhake, ngā taputapu taiwhanga pāmahana-tiketike, me ngā taputapu hanga haurua-ira.
Te Taura Whakapūmau
Kāore tēnei puāwaitanga i te kore he āwangawanga nui mō te taiao me te pāpori. Ka whakarerekē te keri silica, inā koa ngā mahi tuwhera, i ngā whenua, ā, ka pau te nui o te wai. He mea nui te whakahaere puehu nā te mea he tūponotanga manawa o te silica tioata (silicosis). Ka whai wāhi ngā tukanga purenga nui-pūngao ki ngā tapuwae waro.
"He mea tino nui te kimi rauemi tika," te kī a Maria Lopez, te tumuaki o ESG mō TechMetals Global, he kaihanga nui o te polysilicon. "Ka arotakehia e mātou ā mātou kaiwhakarato kōhatu silica me te tino kaha - ehara i te mea ko te parakore anake, engari ko te whakahaere wai, te pehi puehu, ngā mahere whakaora whenua, me te whai wāhi a te hapori. Ko te mana matomato o te umanga hangarau e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi mekameka tuku ma tae noa ki te mata o te rua kohatu. Kei te tonohia tēnei e ngā kaihoko me ngā kaipupuri moni."
Te Ao o te Ao: Te Auahatanga me te Onge?
Kei ngā rārangi mua ngā tohunga whenua pēnei i a Sarah Chen. Kei te anga whakamua te tūhuratanga ki ngā rohe hou, tae atu ki ngā putunga hohonu ake me ngā hanganga i warewarehia i mua. Kei te piki haere te rongonui o te hangarua i te silicon mai i ngā panera rā me ngā hikohiko kua mutu te ora, engari he uaua tonu, ā, he iti noa iho te hiahia e tukuna ana i tēnei wā.
"He iti noa te nui o te kōhatu silica tino parakore, e whai hua ana i te taha ōhanga, e wātea ana mā te hangarau o nāianei," te whakatūpato a Chen, me te muru i te werawera i tōna rae i te whitinga mai o te rā o Ahitereiria. "Kei te uaua haere te kimi i ngā putunga hou e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga parakore me te kore he utu tukatuka nui. Ko tēnei kōhatu… ehara i te mutunga kore. Me whakaaro tātou ki a ia hei rauemi rautaki tūturu."
I te torengitanga o te rā ki runga i te maina o Broken Hill, e whiti ana i ngā atarangi roa ki runga i ngā puranga silica ma e kanapa ana, e whakaatu ana te rahi o te mahi i tētahi pono hohonu. I raro i te haruru o te AI me te kanapa o ngā panera rā kei reira tētahi kōhatu tawhito, iti. Ko tōna parakore te mea e ārahi ana i te tere o tō tātou ahunga whakamua hangarau, e hanga ana i te rapunga ā-ao mō te kōhatu silica kounga teitei hei tētahi o ngā kōrero ahumahi tino nui, ahakoa he iti noa iho, o tō tātou wā.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-07-2025